{"dataset":"Valve Material-Fluid Compatibility Dataset","id":"material-compatibility","description":"Compatibility ratings (Excellent to Not Recommended) with engineering notes for valve body/trim materials across industrial process fluids.","publisher":"Vajra Industrial Solutions","publisherUrl":"https://www.vajravyuh.com","sourcePage":"https://www.vajravyuh.com/compatibility","downloadUrl":"https://www.vajravyuh.com/data/material-compatibility.json","license":"Free to use with attribution to Vajra Industrial Solutions (vajravyuh.com)","citation":"Vajra Valve Data Commons - Material-Fluid Compatibility Dataset, Vajra Industrial Solutions, vajravyuh.com/data","disclaimer":"Engineering reference data for valve service; indicative only. Ratings and limits depend on concentration, temperature and service conditions. Verify against the governing standard and a qualified engineer before procurement.","recordDescription":"One record per fluid, with a ratings map keyed by canonical material name.","fields":["fluidSlug","fluidName","chemicalFormula","ratings{material: {rating, note}}"],"recordCount":54,"records":[{"fluidSlug":"acetic-acid","fluidName":"Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH)","chemicalFormula":"CH₃COOH","ratings":{"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best choice for glacial and hot acetic acid in PTA oxidation service."},"Titanium":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent for hot acetic acid, especially in PTA oxidation reactors."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Acceptable for dilute (<30%) cold acetic acid. Not for hot concentrated service."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Severely attacked by all concentrations of acetic acid."},"PTFE-lined":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent for all concentrations at moderate temperature."}}},{"fluidSlug":"acetone","fluidName":"Acetone (Propanone)","chemicalFormula":"C₃H₆O","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for acetone. No corrosion issues."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred for pharmaceutical and cosmetic grade acetone."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for seats and seals."},"NBR":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Acetone dissolves or swells NBR. Avoid."},"EPDM":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Acetone attacks EPDM. Avoid."},"FKM (Viton)":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Moderate resistance - verify with specific grade."},"PEEK":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Good chemical and mechanical resistance."}}},{"fluidSlug":"amine","fluidName":"Amine (DEA / MEA / MDEA - Gas Sweetening)","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for lean amine at low temperature with velocity limits <3 m/s. Not for rich amine regenerator."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard material for rich amine, regenerator, and reboiler service."},"SS 304L":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for lean amine; 316L preferred in hot rich amine."},"Duplex SS 2205":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent corrosion resistance in amine; sometimes used for critical valves."},"PTFE seats":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for lean amine at low temperature; check chemical compatibility at regenerator conditions."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Used for hottest, most corrosive amine service points."}}},{"fluidSlug":"ammonia","fluidName":"Ammonia (NH₃)","chemicalFormula":"NH₃","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for ammonia - both refrigerant and process service."},"SS 304":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable but not normally required. Used where contamination is a concern."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"SCC and corrosion - strictly prohibited in ammonia service."},"Zinc alloys / Die-cast zinc":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Attacked by ammonia - all zinc must be absent."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for seats and seals."},"Nylon":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Degraded by ammonia."},"EPDM":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for refrigerant ammonia seals."}}},{"fluidSlug":"argon","fluidName":"Argon (Ar)","chemicalFormula":"Ar","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent for gaseous argon at all pressures."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best for cryogenic LAR service and high-purity applications."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for instrument and utility argon."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred seat/seal material for high-purity argon service."}}},{"fluidSlug":"bitumen-asphalt","fluidName":"Bitumen / Asphalt","chemicalFormula":"Complex polynuclear aromatics","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for all bitumen service."},"Cast Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"For higher pressure bitumen circuits."},"Cast Iron":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Brittle failure risk with thermal shock from bitumen solidification."}}},{"fluidSlug":"boiler-feedwater","fluidName":"Boiler Feedwater (BFW)","chemicalFormula":"H₂O (treated)","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard material for BFW valves up to Class 2500."},"A217 WC6 (1.25Cr-0.5Mo)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"For high-temperature BFW above 400°C."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Good","note":"Used where specific chemical treatment demands SS, or pharmaceutical BFW."},"Stellite trim (seat/disc)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Mandatory for BFW globe valve and gate valve trim - erosion and galling resistance."}}},{"fluidSlug":"brine","fluidName":"Brine / Sodium Chloride Solution","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"SS 316L":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Acceptable only for dilute brine at ambient temperature. PREN 24 - borderline for high chloride."},"Duplex 2205":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good for most brine concentrations at moderate temperature."},"Super Duplex 2507":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best metallic choice for saturated or hot brine."},"Titanium":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Immune to chloride attack - used in desalination brine service."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Poor","note":"High corrosion rate in any brine concentration without inhibitor."},"PTFE-lined":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Inert to brine at all concentrations."},"Rubber-lined (EPDM)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good for saturated brine at ambient temperature."}}},{"fluidSlug":"co2","fluidName":"Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)","chemicalFormula":"CO₂","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Dry CO₂ only. Wet CO₂ corrodes rapidly - specify corrosion inhibitor or upgrade material."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for wet CO₂ or food-grade CO₂ service."},"Duplex 2205":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"CO₂ + H₂S service (EOR wells). Superior to 316L."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Seals and seats - chemically inert to CO₂."},"Nitrile (NBR)":{"rating":"Fair","note":"CO₂ causes explosive decompression in NBR at pressure cycling. Use HNBR or PTFE."},"EPDM":{"rating":"Good","note":"More resistant to explosive decompression than NBR."}}},{"fluidSlug":"carbon-monoxide","fluidName":"Carbon Monoxide (CO)","chemicalFormula":"CO","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for most CO service. PWHT required for weld-end valves."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for CO service; avoid where nickel content is a concern for Ni(CO)₄ formation."},"Nickel alloys (Inconel, Monel)":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Nickel carbonyl formation above 150°C - avoid in high-CO partial pressure service."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Fair","note":"High nickel content - same Ni(CO)₄ risk as above. Verify with process chemist."}}},{"fluidSlug":"caustic-potash","fluidName":"Caustic Potash (KOH - Potassium Hydroxide)","chemicalFormula":"KOH","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for KOH <50% up to 80°C. SCC risk above 80°C for stressed CS."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good for dilute KOH; some SCC risk with concentrated hot KOH."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent across all KOH concentrations and temperatures."},"PTFE-lined / PVDF-lined":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best for concentrated KOH - no metal contact."},"Nickel 200":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Nickel 200 is excellent for hot, concentrated KOH."},"Aluminium":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Rapidly dissolved by KOH."}}},{"fluidSlug":"caustic-soda","fluidName":"Caustic Soda (NaOH)","chemicalFormula":"NaOH","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable up to 50% NaOH at ambient temperature. Not for hot concentrated caustic."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Risk of caustic SCC above 60°C. Cold dilute service only - verify."},"Nickel 200/201":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best all-round material for hot concentrated NaOH. Industry standard."},"Monel 400":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good for hot caustic service - preferred where Nickel 200 is cost-prohibitive."},"PTFE-lined":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Chemically inert to all NaOH concentrations."},"Rubber-lined (natural rubber/EPDM)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good up to 50% at ambient temperature."},"Aluminium alloys":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Rapidly attacked at all concentrations."}}},{"fluidSlug":"chlorine","fluidName":"Chlorine (Cl₂)","chemicalFormula":"Cl₂","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for dry chlorine gas and liquid. Passivates with iron chloride layer."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Wet chlorine - not recommended due to Cl-SCC. Dry service - acceptable."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best all-round choice for both wet and dry service."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Completely inert. Preferred for seats, seals, and lining."},"PVC / FRP":{"rating":"Good","note":"For wet chlorine at low pressure."},"Monel 400":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good for dry chlorine; not for wet."},"Copper alloys":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Attacked rapidly."},"Titanium":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Risk of titanium-chlorine fire at elevated temperature."}}},{"fluidSlug":"chlorine-dioxide","fluidName":"Chlorine Dioxide (ClO₂)","chemicalFormula":"ClO₂","ratings":{"Titanium":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best metallic choice for all ClO₂ concentrations."},"PVDF":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best polymer material - resistant to ClO₂ across all concentrations."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for dilute ClO₂ service."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Pitting and SCC in ClO₂ - not recommended except for very dilute solution."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Rapidly oxidised by ClO₂."}}},{"fluidSlug":"compressed-air","fluidName":"Compressed Air","chemicalFormula":"N₂ / O₂ mixture","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Suitable for dry compressed air. Corrodes in wet air - use coated internals for humid service."},"SS 316":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Ideal for instrument air and pharmaceutical compressed air."},"Ductile Iron":{"rating":"Good","note":"Standard for general plant air at PN 10/16."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Traditional material for compressed air fittings and small-bore valves."},"Aluminium":{"rating":"Good","note":"Used in lightweight instrument air fittings; avoid in wet air with chlorides."}}},{"fluidSlug":"cooling-water","fluidName":"Cooling Water","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Standard for closed-loop cooling water. Open circuit: corrosion inhibitor program required."},"Ductile Iron":{"rating":"Good","note":"Widely used in cooling water systems - flanged to ASME/EN."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"For high-quality or process-critical cooling water systems."},"Cupro-Nickel 90/10":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good for saline or brackish cooling water."},"EPDM (seat/seal)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for cooling water butterfly and ball valve seats."},"NBR":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable - verify compatibility with specific biocide and inhibitor chemicals used."}}},{"fluidSlug":"crude-oil","fluidName":"Crude Oil","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Standard for sweet crude. NACE MR0175 hardness limits for sour service."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Good","note":"For sour crude where pitting resistance is needed. Not required for sweet crude."},"Duplex 2205":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Sour crude with H₂S - superior to 316L with better H₂S cracking resistance."},"13Cr / Super 13Cr":{"rating":"Good","note":"Common for moderate sour service in oil production wells."},"Inconel 625":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"For highly sour or high-temperature naphthenic crude."},"Monel 400":{"rating":"Good","note":"For high H₂S content."},"Rubber-lined":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Crude hydrocarbons attack most elastomers."}}},{"fluidSlug":"demineralised-water","fluidName":"Demineralised Water (DM Water / Deionised Water)","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Corrodes rapidly in aggressive DM water. Acceptable only with pH control and oxygen scavenging."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard material for DM water service - no iron contamination, corrosion-resistant."},"SS 304":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Acceptable for most DM water service; 316L preferred for hot or higher-purity applications."},"Duplex SS":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Overkill for most DM service but used in pharmaceutical ultrapure systems."},"PTFE-lined":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Zero contamination - preferred for semiconductor and ultra-high purity DM water."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Zinc dezincification and copper leaching - avoid for DM water where purity matters."}}},{"fluidSlug":"diesel-fuel","fluidName":"Diesel Fuel / Fuel Oil","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for all diesel and fuel oil service."},"Ductile Iron":{"rating":"Good","note":"For low-pressure fuel oil systems."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred for marine and food-grade fuel handling."},"NBR (Nitrile)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent for fuel oil seals and seats."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for valve seats in fuel service."},"EPDM":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Not compatible with petroleum products - EPDM swells in hydrocarbons."}}},{"fluidSlug":"ethanol","fluidName":"Ethanol / Industrial Alcohol (C₂H₅OH)","chemicalFormula":"C₂H₅OH","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for most ethanol service; some corrosion with dilute aqueous ethanol."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred for pharmaceutical and food-grade ethanol service."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for utility ethanol service."},"PTFE / PEEK seals":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best seat/seal material across all ethanol concentrations."},"EPDM seals":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Avoid - ethanol swells EPDM seals. Use PTFE or Viton."}}},{"fluidSlug":"ethylene","fluidName":"Ethylene (C₂H₄)","chemicalFormula":"C₂H₄","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Suitable for gaseous ethylene above −29°C; not for cryogenic liquid."},"A352 LCB (low-temp CS)":{"rating":"Good","note":"For ethylene service down to −46°C."},"SS 316":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Suitable across full temperature range including cryogenic ethylene storage at −104°C."},"A350 LF2 (forged, low-temp)":{"rating":"Good","note":"For forged valves in ethylene service to −46°C."},"PTFE seats":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for gaseous ethylene; cryogenic-grade PTFE for −104°C liquid service."}}},{"fluidSlug":"glycerine","fluidName":"Glycerine / Glycerol (C₃H₈O₃)","chemicalFormula":"C₃H₈O₃","ratings":{"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred for pharmaceutical and food-grade glycerine."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for industrial glycerine (non-pharma)."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Good","note":"Traditional material for glycerine utility valves."},"PTFE seals":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best for pharmaceutical glycerine - no extract, USP VI compliant."},"EPDM seals":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for food/cosmetic grade glycerine."}}},{"fluidSlug":"heavy-fuel-oil","fluidName":"Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO / Bunker C / Fuel Oil No. 6)","chemicalFormula":"Complex hydrocarbons (C₂₀–C₅₀)","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for HFO pipelines and tank connections with heat tracing."},"Ductile Iron":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for lower-pressure HFO service in marine applications."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Good","note":"Optional - adds corrosion resistance where sulphur compounds are present."},"Cast Iron":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Acceptable only for low-pressure utility HFO service."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Good","note":"Common for marine HFO service valves."}}},{"fluidSlug":"steam","fluidName":"High-Pressure Steam","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Up to ~425°C. Standard for steam to ASME Class 600."},"Chrome-Moly (1¼Cr-½Mo, 2¼Cr-1Mo)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"For high-temperature steam above 425°C. ASTM A217 WC6/WC9."},"SS 316H (high-carbon)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Austenitic SS for steam above 540°C - superior creep resistance."},"P91 (9Cr-1Mo-V)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Ultra-high temperature steam above 560°C - power plant main steam."},"PTFE seats":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Not recommended above 200°C. Use metal-seated valves for HP steam."}}},{"fluidSlug":"hot-oil","fluidName":"Hot Oil (Thermal Heat Transfer Fluid)","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard material for all hot oil service up to 400°C at Class 150–300."},"SS 316":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Acceptable but not normally required unless process contamination is a concern."},"A217 WC6 (1¼Cr-½Mo)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Required above 370°C for long-term creep resistance per ASME B16.34."},"PTFE seats":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"PTFE has a 200°C maximum - metal seats required for hot oil above 200°C."},"Cast Iron":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Not recommended - brittle at thermal cycling; use carbon or alloy steel."}}},{"fluidSlug":"hot-water","fluidName":"Hot Water (District Heating / Process Hot Water)","chemicalFormula":"H₂O (pressurised)","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for district heating networks."},"Ductile Iron":{"rating":"Good","note":"Common for domestic/HVAC hot water circuits."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"For pharmaceutical process hot water and where chemical compatibility is required."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Good","note":"For small-bore HVAC and domestic building services."},"EPDM seals":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best elastomer for hot water - stable up to 150°C."}}},{"fluidSlug":"hydrochloric-acid","fluidName":"Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)","chemicalFormula":"HCl","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Rapid attack at all concentrations."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Chloride SCC risk is severe. Avoid."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best alloy choice for all concentrations."},"Hastelloy B-3":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Superior to C-276 for reducing HCl environments."},"PTFE-lined":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Inert to all HCl concentrations."},"Rubber-lined (natural rubber)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good up to ~35% HCl at ambient temperature."},"PVDF-lined":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good resistance below 70°C."},"Duplex 2205":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Chloride SCC risk."}}},{"fluidSlug":"hydrofluoric-acid","fluidName":"Hydrofluoric Acid (HF)","chemicalFormula":"HF","ratings":{"Monel 400":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Industry standard for HF alkylation service. Resists anhydrous and aqueous HF."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Forms iron fluoride passivation layer. Acceptable for anhydrous HF and high concentrations. Not for dilute aqueous HF."},"SS 304":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Not acceptable for HF service - corrosion and SCC risk."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for aqueous HF up to ~50% at ambient. Fuming HF attacks PTFE at elevated temperature."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Only for dilute aqueous HF - not for anhydrous or hot concentrated HF."},"Nickel 200/201":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good for aqueous HF in some concentration ranges."}}},{"fluidSlug":"hydrogen","fluidName":"Hydrogen (H₂)","chemicalFormula":"H₂","ratings":{"SS 316L":{"rating":"Good","note":"Standard for hydrogen service. Austenitic SS has low susceptibility to HE."},"Duplex 2205":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Risk of HE at high pressure. Verify per ISO 11114-4."},"Inconel 625 / 718":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent HE resistance for high-pressure HP service."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Max 22 HRC per NACE MR0175 for sour/H₂ service. Not for HP hydrogen."},"High-strength steel (>690 MPa)":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Severe HE risk - never use hardened steels in hydrogen service."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred seal material - lowest permeation rate."},"PEEK":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Superior to PTFE at elevated temperature hydrogen service."},"Nitrile NBR":{"rating":"Poor","note":"High permeation rate - not acceptable for high-pressure H₂."}}},{"fluidSlug":"hydrogen-sulphide","fluidName":"Hydrogen Sulphide (H₂S - Sour Gas)","chemicalFormula":"H₂S","ratings":{"NACE MR0175 qualified WCB (hardness controlled)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Mandatory - Brinell hardness ≤200 HBW, Rockwell C ≤22 HRC, CE ≤0.43 per NACE MR0175."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for most H₂S service; use low-carbon grades, verify with NACE MR0175 SSC zone."},"Duplex 2205":{"rating":"Good","note":"Restricted to solution-annealed condition, max hardness per NACE MR0175 Table D.1."},"Inconel 625 (UNS N06625)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent SSC resistance; used for valve trim and high-alloy applications."},"Standard carbon steel (uncontrolled hardness)":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"SSC failure risk - mandatory to verify NACE compliance."}}},{"fluidSlug":"liquid-nitrogen","fluidName":"Liquid Nitrogen (LN₂)","chemicalFormula":"N₂(l)","ratings":{"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best choice - austenitic stainless steel retains toughness at −196°C."},"A352 LCB/LCC (LTCS)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Rated to −46°C; not suitable for −196°C without impact test certification."},"A350 LF2":{"rating":"Good","note":"Forged LTCS to −46°C. Extended bonnet ball valves in A350 LF2 are common for LN₂."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Brittle fracture risk below −29°C. Never use for cryogenic LN₂ service."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Good","note":"Copper alloys retain ductility at cryogenic temperatures - acceptable for small-bore service."},"Aluminium alloys":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent cryogenic toughness - used in large LN₂ storage tank valves."}}},{"fluidSlug":"lng","fluidName":"LNG / Cryogenic Natural Gas","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"SS 304L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Toughness improves at cryogenic temperature - standard LNG valve material."},"ASTM A352 LCB (low-temp carbon steel)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Impact-tested to -46°C. Not suitable for liquid LNG at -162°C."},"ASTM A350 LF2 Class 1":{"rating":"Good","note":"Forged, impact-tested. Used for cryogenic fittings to -45°C."},"9% Nickel steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for LNG storage tanks and large valves at -162°C."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Brittle fracture risk below -29°C. Never use for cryogenic service."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Seals and seats maintain flexibility at cryogenic temperatures."},"Aluminium alloy":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Used in some LNG service - excellent toughness at -196°C."}}},{"fluidSlug":"lpg","fluidName":"LPG - Liquefied Petroleum Gas","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard material for LPG at all temperatures."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Acceptable - often used for instrument and small bore fittings."},"Ductile Iron":{"rating":"Good","note":"Low-pressure LPG distribution systems."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Acceptable for low-pressure domestic fittings. Not for industrial HP service."},"NBR (Nitrile)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good for LPG seals and seats at ambient temperature."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred for seats and seals."}}},{"fluidSlug":"meg-glycol","fluidName":"MEG / Glycol (Monoethylene Glycol - Gas Dehydration)","chemicalFormula":"C₂H₆O₂","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable with corrosion inhibitor dosing. Monitor oxygen ingress - causes accelerated corrosion."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred for inhibited MEG and TEG service, especially at elevated temperature in regeneration."},"Duplex SS (2205)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Used in offshore MEG service where seawater contamination risk exists."},"PTFE seats":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Suitable across full MEG service temperature range."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Used in rich MEG service at elevated temperature in regeneration columns."}}},{"fluidSlug":"methanol","fluidName":"Methanol (Methyl Alcohol)","chemicalFormula":"CH₃OH","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for methanol at all temperatures."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Used for hygienic or analytical grade methanol."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for seats and packing."},"NBR":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for methanol seals at ambient temperature."},"FKM (Viton)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Preferred for seals in warm methanol service."},"Zinc/Aluminium alloys":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Methanol attacks zinc and aluminium - avoid die-cast components."}}},{"fluidSlug":"molasses","fluidName":"Molasses","chemicalFormula":"C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ (sucrose) + impurities","ratings":{"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred for food-grade molasses service - hygienic, cleanable."},"SS 304":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for industrial molasses (non-food-grade)."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Can be used for non-contact parts; mild corrosion from organic acids."},"EPDM seals":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for molasses - sweets are not solvent-aggressive."},"PTFE seals":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best sealing choice for food-grade molasses."}}},{"fluidSlug":"naphtha","fluidName":"Naphtha (Light / Heavy Naphtha)","chemicalFormula":"C₅–C₁₂ hydrocarbons","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for naphtha storage, transfer, and blending."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"For process naphtha streams requiring higher corrosion resistance."},"A217 WC6/WC9":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"For high-temperature catalytic reformer service (>400°C)."},"PTFE seals":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best elastomer for naphtha service."},"EPDM / NBR seals":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Swell in aliphatic and aromatic naphtha."}}},{"fluidSlug":"natural-gas","fluidName":"Natural Gas","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard pipeline material for sweet natural gas."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Instrument and small bore service."},"Duplex 2205":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Sour gas service - superior H₂S resistance."},"PTFE seats":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for natural gas ball valve seats."},"NBR":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for low-pressure gas seals. HNBR for higher pressure."}}},{"fluidSlug":"nitric-acid","fluidName":"Nitric Acid (HNO₃)","chemicalFormula":"HNO₃","ratings":{"SS 304L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for all concentrations of HNO₃. More resistant than 316L due to lower Mo content."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Good","note":"Slightly lower corrosion resistance than 304L for HNO₃ due to molybdenum - but still widely used."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Only for >65% concentration at ambient temperature - passivation layer forms."},"Aluminium alloys":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good for dilute HNO₃ - used in food-grade applications."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for dilute and concentrated HNO₃ at ambient temperature. Verify for fuming acid."},"Rubber (natural/NBR)":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Nitric acid attacks most rubbers and organics rapidly."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Not ideal for HNO₃ - SS 304L is preferred due to Mo susceptibility."}}},{"fluidSlug":"nitrogen","fluidName":"Nitrogen (N₂)","chemicalFormula":"N₂","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent for ambient and elevated temperature nitrogen service."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent across all conditions including cryogenic liquid nitrogen."},"A352 LCB/LCC":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Required for low-temperature nitrogen below −29°C."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for instrument and utility nitrogen at moderate pressures."},"PTFE":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Ideal for seals and lined valves in all nitrogen service."}}},{"fluidSlug":"oxygen","fluidName":"Oxygen (O₂ - Industrial and Medical Grade)","chemicalFormula":"O₂","ratings":{"SS 316":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard material for oxygen service at all pressures. Must be thoroughly cleaned."},"Monel 400":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent oxygen compatibility - used for high-pressure GOX service."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Traditional oxygen-compatible material - no iron oxide combustion risk."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Can burn in high-pressure oxygen. Only for low-pressure (<10 bar) utility oxygen with careful cleaning."},"PTFE seats":{"rating":"Good","note":"PTFE is relatively oxygen-compatible but can ignite under specific conditions. Must be oxygen-grade."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Used for high-pressure medical oxygen and critical GOX service."}}},{"fluidSlug":"phenol","fluidName":"Phenol (C₆H₅OH - Carbolic Acid)","chemicalFormula":"C₆H₅OH","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for phenol pipelines with heat tracing."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred for phenol - better corrosion resistance and cleanliness."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Copper alloys attacked by phenol at elevated temperature."},"PTFE seals":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best sealing material for phenol service."},"Viton (FKM)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable at moderate temperature in phenol."}}},{"fluidSlug":"phosphoric-acid","fluidName":"Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄)","chemicalFormula":"H₃PO₄","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Poor","note":"High corrosion rate in most phosphoric acid concentrations."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Good","note":"Food-grade or pure H₃PO₄ up to 85% at ambient. Not for wet process acid with fluoride."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best choice for wet process phosphoric acid with fluoride impurities."},"Rubber-lined (natural rubber)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Excellent for wet process acid - industry standard for large bore piping."},"FRP / PVDF-lined":{"rating":"Good","note":"PVDF good for clean phosphoric acid service."},"PTFE-lined":{"rating":"Good","note":"Excellent for clean phosphoric acid. Caution with fluoride-bearing wet process acid at elevated temperature."}}},{"fluidSlug":"propane","fluidName":"Propane (C₃H₈ - LPG Component)","chemicalFormula":"C₃H₈","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for propane storage spheres and pipeline service."},"A350 LF2":{"rating":"Good","note":"Required for cryogenic propane below −29°C."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Optional - better corrosion resistance for propane with moisture."},"PTFE seals":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best for propane."},"Viton (FKM) seals":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good chemical resistance to propane."},"NBR seals":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for propane service at moderate temperature."}}},{"fluidSlug":"propylene","fluidName":"Propylene / Propene (C₃H₆)","chemicalFormula":"C₃H₆","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard material for propylene pipelines and storage."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"For high-purity propylene in polymerisation feed systems."},"A350 LF2 (low temp)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Required for cryogenic propylene at subzero temperatures."},"PTFE seals":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best seal material for propylene service."},"Nitrile (NBR) seals":{"rating":"Good","note":"Compatible with propylene at moderate temperature."}}},{"fluidSlug":"seawater","fluidName":"Seawater","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Poor","note":"High corrosion rate. Acceptable only with cathodic protection and coating."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Pitting and crevice corrosion risk. Not recommended for seawater service. PREN must be verified."},"Duplex 2205":{"rating":"Good","note":"PREN ~35 - acceptable for most seawater applications at ambient temperature."},"Super Duplex 2507":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"PREN ~43 - preferred for offshore seawater. Standard for North Sea applications."},"Cupro-Nickel 90/10":{"rating":"Good","note":"Excellent for seawater up to 3 m/s velocity. Used in offshore fire water systems."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good for seawater at lower velocities. Not for high velocity or hot seawater."},"Titanium":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Completely immune to seawater corrosion. Used in desalination."},"Rubber-lined (EPDM)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good for seawater service at low pressure."}}},{"fluidSlug":"slurry","fluidName":"Slurry - Abrasive Pulp / Mineral Slurry","chemicalFormula":null,"ratings":{"Hard rubber lining (natural rubber)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Rubber absorbs abrasion impact - industry standard for slurry valves."},"High-chrome cast iron (25–28% Cr)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Hardest metallic material - used for knife gates in highly abrasive ore slurry."},"Polyurethane lining":{"rating":"Good","note":"Good for fine particle slurry - better than rubber for higher temperature."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Acceptable only for mildly abrasive slurry - limited by wear, not corrosion."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Rapid wear in abrasive slurry. Acceptable only for very low-velocity or coarse-settle slurry."},"PTFE-lined":{"rating":"Fair","note":"PTFE has poor abrasion resistance - not for high-velocity or coarse abrasives."}}},{"fluidSlug":"sodium-hypochlorite","fluidName":"Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl - Bleach)","chemicalFormula":"NaOCl","ratings":{"SS 316L":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Acceptable for dilute (<1%) service only. Not for concentrated hypochlorite."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best metallic choice for concentrated NaOCl."},"Titanium":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent resistance to hypochlorite."},"PVDF-lined":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best plastic-lined option for all NaOCl concentrations."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Rapidly corroded by any NaOCl concentration."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Copper is oxidised by hypochlorite - releases Cu ions contaminating treated water."}}},{"fluidSlug":"sulphuric-acid","fluidName":"Sulphuric Acid (H₂SO₄)","chemicalFormula":"H₂SO₄","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Only for >93% concentrated acid at ambient temperature. Not for dilute acid."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Up to ~20% at <25°C. Not recommended above 20% or elevated temperature."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent across all concentrations. Industry standard for dilute H₂SO₄."},"PTFE-lined":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"PTFE is excellent across all concentrations and temperatures up to 200°C."},"FRP / PVDF-lined":{"rating":"Good","note":"PVDF and FRP good for <80% concentrations."},"Ductile Iron":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Not recommended for any concentration."},"Bronze/Brass":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Severely attacked. Never use copper alloys."},"Duplex 2205":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Limited to dilute, cold service only. Verify with corrosion data."}}},{"fluidSlug":"syngas","fluidName":"Synthesis Gas (Syngas - CO + H₂)","chemicalFormula":"CO + H₂","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for lower partial pressure H₂ service per API 941 Nelson curves. PWHT mandatory."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Excellent for syngas at all conditions; austenitic SS not susceptible to HE."},"A217 WC6 / WC9":{"rating":"Good","note":"Low-alloy Cr-Mo steel per Nelson curves for high-temperature syngas."},"Nickel alloys (Inconel 625)":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Avoid in high CO partial pressure - risk of nickel carbonyl formation above 150°C."},"Duplex 2205":{"rating":"Fair","note":"Not recommended for high-H₂-partial-pressure above 50 barg without NACE review."}}},{"fluidSlug":"toluene","fluidName":"Toluene (C₇H₈)","chemicalFormula":"C₇H₈","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for toluene service."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred for pharmaceutical and food-grade toluene."},"PTFE seals":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best elastomer for toluene."},"Viton (FKM)":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for toluene at ambient."},"EPDM / NBR":{"rating":"Not Recommended","note":"Severely swelled by aromatic hydrocarbons."}}},{"fluidSlug":"urea-solution","fluidName":"Urea Solution (Carbamide / DEF / AdBlue)","chemicalFormula":"CO(NH₂)₂","ratings":{"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard material for all urea concentrations. Passive film stable in urea."},"Duplex 2205":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Used in high-pressure urea synthesis loops at elevated temperature."},"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Not recommended for concentrated or hot urea - severe corrosion."},"Hastelloy C-276":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Used in the most aggressive urea carbamate conditions in synthesis loops."},"PTFE-lined":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for dilute urea (DEF/AdBlue) service."}}},{"fluidSlug":"vacuum-service","fluidName":"Vacuum Service","chemicalFormula":"Sub-atmospheric pressure","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for high-temperature refinery vacuum service."},"A217 WC6/WC9 (Cr-Mo)":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"For crude vacuum unit above 400°C."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"For pharmaceutical and clean vacuum service."},"Graphite packing":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred packing for vacuum valves - maintains seal under reverse differential pressure."}}},{"fluidSlug":"xylene","fluidName":"Xylene (C₈H₁₀ - Ortho, Meta, Para)","chemicalFormula":"C₈H₁₀","ratings":{"Carbon Steel":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Standard for xylene storage and distribution."},"SS 316L":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Preferred where corrosion protection is required."},"PTFE seals":{"rating":"Excellent","note":"Best elastomer choice - resistant to xylene."},"Viton (FKM) seals":{"rating":"Good","note":"Acceptable for xylene service."},"EPDM / NBR seals":{"rating":"Poor","note":"Both swell in aromatic hydrocarbons - not acceptable."}}}]}