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Material Intelligence Layer
Valve Material Composition Reference
The chemical composition of all 43 common valve material grades on one page — the carbon, chromium, nickel and molybdenum content that decides strength, temperature limit and corrosion resistance.
What is the chemical composition of valve materials?
Composition drives behaviour: carbon and manganese set the strength of carbon steels; chromium (≥10.5%) gives stainless steels their passive film; molybdenum boosts pitting resistance; nickel stabilises the austenitic structure for toughness and cryogenic service; and the balanced ferrite-austenite chemistry of duplex grades delivers both strength and chloride resistance. The reference below lists the nominal composition, service-temperature range and product form for every grade. Figures are nominal per the governing ASTM specification — always confirm against the material test certificate (MTC).
Carbon Steel · 6
| Grade | Nominal Composition | Form | Temp Range °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| A216 WCBCarbon Steel WCB | C ≤ 0.30%, Mn ≤ 1.00%, Si ≤ 0.60%, P ≤ 0.035%, S ≤ 0.035%. Carbon equivalent: Ceq ≤ 0.50%. | cast | -29 to +538 |
| A105Forged Carbon Steel A105 | C ≤ 0.35%, Mn 0.60–1.05%, Si 0.10–0.35%, P ≤ 0.035%, S ≤ 0.040%. Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, V individually ≤ 0.40% each. | forged | -29 to +538 |
| A352 Grade LCCLow Temperature Carbon Steel LCC | C ≤ 0.25%, Mn 0.50–1.20%, Si ≤ 0.60%, P ≤ 0.030%, S ≤ 0.030%. Impact tested at −46°C. | cast | -46 to +345 |
| A350 Grade LF2Low Temperature Forged Carbon Steel LF2 | C ≤ 0.30%, Mn 0.60–1.35%, Si 0.15–0.30%, P ≤ 0.035%, S ≤ 0.040%. Impact tested at −46°C. | forged | -46 to +345 |
| A216 WCCCarbon Steel WCC | C ≤ 0.25%, Mn ≤ 1.20%, Si ≤ 0.60%, P ≤ 0.035%, S ≤ 0.035%. Carbon equivalent: Ceq ≤ 0.55%. Higher Mn than WCB gives elevated strength. | cast | -29 to +538 |
| A352 LCBLow Temperature Carbon Steel LCB | C ≤ 0.30%, Mn 0.50–1.00%, Si ≤ 0.60%, P ≤ 0.025%, S ≤ 0.025% | cast | -46 to +343 |
Chrome-Moly / Alloy Steel · 8
| Grade | Nominal Composition | Form | Temp Range °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| A217 WC9Chrome-Moly WC9 (2.25Cr-1Mo) | C ≤ 0.18%, Cr 2.00–2.75%, Mo 0.90–1.20%, Mn 0.40–0.70%. Martensitic after heat treatment. | cast | -18 to +593 |
| A182 F91P91 Chrome-Moly (9Cr-1Mo-V) | C 0.08–0.12%, Cr 8.0–9.5%, Mo 0.85–1.05%, V 0.18–0.25%, Nb 0.06–0.10%, N 0.03–0.07%. Martensitic. | forged | -18 to +650 |
| A217 Grade WC61¼Cr½Mo Alloy Steel WC6 | C ≤ 0.20%, Cr 1.00–1.50%, Mo 0.45–0.65%, Mn ≤ 0.70%, Si ≤ 0.60%. Normalised and tempered. | cast | -29 to +595 |
| A182 F22 (2¼Cr-1Mo)F22 Chrome-Moly Alloy Steel | C 0.05–0.15%, Mn 0.30–0.60%, Si ≤ 0.50%, Cr 2.00–2.50%, Mo 0.90–1.10%, P ≤ 0.025%, S ≤ 0.025%. Yield ≥ 205 MPa (30 ksi). UNS K21590. | forged | -29 to +593 |
| A217 WC11 (1¼Cr-½Mo)WC11 Chrome-Moly Alloy Steel | C ≤ 0.15–0.21%, Mn 0.50–0.80%, Si ≤ 0.60%, Cr 1.00–1.50%, Mo 0.45–0.65%, P ≤ 0.020%, S ≤ 0.020%. Min yield 275 MPa (40 ksi). UNS J11872. | cast | -29 to +538 |
| A182 F55Cr-0.5Mo Alloy Steel (Grade F5) | C ≤ 0.15%, Mn 0.30–0.60%, Si ≤ 0.50%, Cr 4.00–6.00%, Mo 0.45–0.65%, P ≤ 0.040%, S ≤ 0.030% | forged | -29 to +593 |
| A217 C12AGrade 91 Cast Steel (C12A) | Cr 8.0-9.5%, Mo 0.85-1.05%, V 0.18-0.25%, Nb 0.06-0.10%, N 0.030-0.070%, C 0.08-0.12%. Normalised and tempered. | cast | -29 to +650 |
| A182 F111.25Cr-0.5Mo Alloy Steel (F11) | Cr 1.0-1.5%, Mo 0.44-0.65%, C ≤ 0.15%, Mn 0.30-0.80%, Si 0.50-1.00%. Class 2: normalised and tempered. | forged | -29 to +540 |
Stainless Steel · 10
| Grade | Nominal Composition | Form | Temp Range °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| A351 CF8MSS 316 Cast (CF8M) | C ≤ 0.08%, Cr 18–21%, Ni 9–12%, Mo 2–3%, Mn ≤ 1.50%, Si ≤ 1.50%. Austenitic structure. | cast | -254 to +454 |
| A182 F316Forged SS 316 (F316) | C ≤ 0.08%, Cr 16–18%, Ni 10–14%, Mo 2.00–3.00%. Austenitic. | forged | -254 to +454 |
| A351 CF3MSS 316L Cast (CF3M) | C ≤ 0.03%, Cr 17–21%, Ni 9–13%, Mo 2–3%. Low-carbon austenitic. | cast | -254 to +370 |
| A182 Grade F316L / UNS S31603Stainless Steel 316L (Low Carbon Forged) | C ≤ 0.03%, Cr 16–18%, Ni 10–14%, Mo 2–3%, Mn ≤ 2.00%, Si ≤ 1.00%. UNS S31603. | forged | -196 to +870 |
| A351 CN7MAlloy 20 Cast (CN7M) | Fe bal., Ni 27.5–30.5%, Cr 19.0–22.0%, Mo 2.0–3.0%, Cu 3.0–4.0%, Nb 8×C min, C ≤ 0.07%, Mn ≤ 1.50%, Si ≤ 1.50%. UNS J95150. | cast | -73 to +400 |
| A182 F304LF304L Low Carbon SS (Forged) | C ≤ 0.030%, Mn ≤ 2.00%, Si ≤ 1.00%, Cr 18.0–20.0%, Ni 8.0–12.0%, P ≤ 0.045%, S ≤ 0.030%, N ≤ 0.10%. UNS S30403. Yield ≥ 170 MPa. | forged | -196 to +425 |
| A351 HH25Cr-12Ni Heat-Resistant Casting (Grade HH) | C ≤ 0.20%, Mn ≤ 2.00%, Si ≤ 2.00%, Cr 24.00–28.00%, Ni 11.00–14.00%, Mo ≤ 0.50% | cast | -10 to +1100 |
| A182 F304304 Stainless Steel (Forged F304) | C ≤ 0.08%, Mn ≤ 2.00%, Si ≤ 1.00%, Cr 18.00–20.00%, Ni 8.00–11.00%, P ≤ 0.045%, S ≤ 0.030% | forged | -196 to +538 |
| A351 CF8Cast 304 Stainless Steel (CF8) | C ≤ 0.08%, Mn ≤ 1.50%, Si ≤ 2.00%, Cr 18.00–21.00%, Ni 8.00–11.00%, Mo ≤ 0.50% (residual) | cast | -254 to +538 |
| A182 F347Stabilised 347 Stainless Steel (Forged F347) | C ≤ 0.08%, Mn ≤ 2.00%, Si ≤ 1.00%, Cr 17.00–20.00%, Ni 9.00–13.00%, Nb (Cb) 10×C min to 1.10%, P ≤ 0.045%, S ≤ 0.030% | forged | -196 to +816 |
Duplex & Super Duplex · 6
| Grade | Nominal Composition | Form | Temp Range °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| A995 CD4MCu / A890 4ADuplex SS Cast (CD4MCu) | Cr 21.0–23.5%, Ni 4.5–6.5%, Mo 2.5–3.5%, N 0.10–0.30%, Cu 0.20–0.80%. Duplex ferrite-austenite microstructure. | cast | -40 to +300 |
| A182 F51Forged Duplex 2205 (F51) | Cr 21.0–23.0%, Ni 4.5–6.5%, Mo 2.5–3.5%, N 0.08–0.20%. UNS S31803. | forged | -40 to +300 |
| A182 F53 / UNS S32750 (Super Duplex 2507)Super Duplex 2507 | Cr 25%, Ni 7%, Mo 4%, N 0.27%. PREN > 40. UNS S32750. | both | -50 to +300 |
| A182 F60Duplex 2205 Forged (Grade F60) | C ≤ 0.03%, Mn ≤ 2.00%, Si ≤ 1.00%, Cr 21.00–23.00%, Ni 4.50–6.50%, Mo 2.50–3.50%, N 0.08–0.20% | forged | -46 to +315 |
| A890 Grade 5ASuper Duplex 2507 (Grade 5A Cast) | C ≤ 0.03%, Mn ≤ 1.20%, Si ≤ 0.80%, Cr 24.00–26.00%, Ni 6.00–8.00%, Mo 3.00–5.00%, N 0.24–0.32%, Cu ≤ 0.50% | cast | -46 to +300 |
| A182 F53Super Duplex 2507 (F53) | Cr 24-26%, Ni 6-8%, Mo 3-5%, N 0.24-0.32%, Mn ≤ 1.2%, Si ≤ 0.8%. PREN = Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N, typically 42-45. | forged | -50 to +300 |
Nickel Alloys · 8
| Grade | Nominal Composition | Form | Temp Range °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| A494 CW6MC / CW12MWHastelloy C-276 / Inconel 625 Cast | CW6MC: Ni ≥ 58%, Cr 20–23%, Mo 8–10%, Nb+Ta 3.15–4.15%. CW12MW (C-type): Ni ≥ 54%, Cr 15.5–17.5%, Mo 16–18%, W 3.75–5.25%. | cast | -196 to +1040 |
| B443 / UNS N06625 (Inconel 625)Inconel 625 / Alloy 625 | Ni ≥ 58%, Cr 20–23%, Mo 8–10%, Nb+Ta 3.15–4.15%, Fe ≤ 5%, Al ≤ 0.40%, Ti ≤ 0.40%. | both | -196 to +980 |
| B164 / UNS N04400 (Monel 400)Monel 400 | Ni ≥ 63%, Cu 28–34%, Fe ≤ 2.5%, Mn ≤ 2.0%, C ≤ 0.30%, Si ≤ 0.50%, S ≤ 0.024%. | both | -196 to +480 |
| A351 CN7M / ASTM A182 (Alloy 20 / Carpenter 20)Alloy 20 (Carpenter 20Cb-3) | Ni 32–38%, Cr 19–21%, Cu 3–4%, Mo 2–3%, Nb 8×C to 1.0%, Fe balance. UNS N08020. | both | -29 to +370 |
| B425 / UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825)Incoloy 825 | Ni 38–46%, Cr 19.5–23.5%, Fe balance, Mo 2.5–3.5%, Cu 1.5–3.0%, Ti 0.6–1.2%, Al ≤ 0.20%. UNS N08825. | both | -196 to +450 |
| B575 / UNS N06022 (Hastelloy C-22)Hastelloy C-22 / Alloy C-22 | Ni balance, Cr 20–22.5%, Mo 12.5–14.5%, W 2.5–3.5%, Fe 2–6%, Co ≤ 2.5%. UNS N06022. | both | -196 to +650 |
| B574 / UNS N10276Hastelloy C-276 | Ni ≥ 57% (bal.), Mo 15–17%, Cr 14.5–16.5%, W 3–4.5%, Fe 4–7%, Co ≤ 2.5%, C ≤ 0.01%, Mn ≤ 1%, Si ≤ 0.08%. UNS N10276. | both | -196 to +371 |
| A494 M35-1Cast Monel M35-1 (Nickel-Copper Alloy) | Ni 63.00% min (balance), Cu 26.00–33.00%, Fe ≤ 3.50%, Mn ≤ 1.50%, Si ≤ 1.25%, C ≤ 0.35% | cast | -73 to +482 |
Non-Ferrous · 5
| Grade | Nominal Composition | Form | Temp Range °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| B265 Gr 2 / ASTM B337 / UNS R50400 (Titanium Grade 2)Titanium Grade 2 (Commercially Pure) | Ti ≥ 99.3%, O ≤ 0.25%, Fe ≤ 0.30%, N ≤ 0.03%, H ≤ 0.015%, C ≤ 0.08%. | both | -196 to +315 |
| PTFE / FEP Lining (D1457 / BS 6564)PTFE / FEP-Lined Valves | Body: grey cast iron (A126 Cl B) or carbon steel (A216 WCB). Liner: PTFE (CF₂)n - fluoropolymer, or FEP - tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. No metallic fluid contact. | cast | -40 to +200 |
| A395 / ISO 1083 GGG-40Ductile Iron (Nodular Cast Iron) | Fe bal., C 3.2–3.8%, Si 1.8–2.8%, Mn ≤ 0.50%, Mg 0.025–0.065% (nodulariser), P ≤ 0.08%, S ≤ 0.02%. GGG-40: min tensile 420 MPa, yield 250 MPa, elongation ≥ 15%. | cast | -20 to +350 |
| B62 / C83600 Gunmetal / Naval BrassNaval Brass / Gunmetal (Bronze) | C83600 (Gunmetal LTB2): Cu 84–86%, Sn 4–6%, Pb 4–6%, Zn 4–6%. Naval brass (C46400): Cu 59–62%, Zn bal., Sn 0.5–1.0% (wrought). Gunmetal preferred for casting. | cast | -196 to +260 |
| Stellite 6 (Cobalt-Chromium-Tungsten, UNS R30006)Stellite 6 Hard-Face Trim | Co bal. (~52%), Cr 27–32%, W 3.5–5.5%, C 0.9–1.4%, Ni ≤ 3%, Fe ≤ 3%, Mo ≤ 1%, Si ≤ 2%. Hardness: 36–45 HRC (deposited). UNS R30006. | both | -196 to +800 |
Reviewed by Materials Engineering, Vajra Industrial SolutionsDiscipline: Valve Metallurgy & Materials SelectionLast reviewed: 20 June 2026
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