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corrosiveHClCAS 7647-01-0

Valves for Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Service

Hydrochloric acid is extremely aggressive to most metals. HCl attacks carbon steel rapidly at all concentrations. Rubber lining and PTFE are the primary defences. Chloride-containing service also eliminates most austenitic stainless steels due to chloride stress corrosion cracking (Cl-SCC).

Pressure Range

Atmospheric to 16 bar

Temperature

Ambient to 60°C typical

Industries

Chemical, PVC/chlorine production, Metal pickling

INDICATIVE ONLY — Reference DisclaimerHCl service is highly safety-critical. All specifications must be reviewed by a qualified corrosion engineer. Vapour phase corrosion data is not reflected in liquid-phase compatibility tables. Vajra Industrial Solutions accepts no liability for material selection decisions based on this guide.

Key Properties — Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

  • Attacks carbon steel at all concentrations
  • Causes Cl-SCC in austenitic stainless steels (304, 316)
  • Highly corrosive vapour phase
  • Rubber lining (natural rubber, EPDM) is highly resistant
  • PTFE is chemically inert to HCl

Material Compatibility — Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

Ratings are indicative. Actual compatibility depends on concentration, temperature, velocity, and presence of contaminants. Always consult corrosion tables or a materials engineer.

MaterialRatingNotes
Carbon SteelNot RecommendedRapid attack at all concentrations.
SS 316LNot RecommendedChloride SCC risk is severe. Avoid.
Hastelloy C-276ExcellentBest alloy choice for all concentrations.
Hastelloy B-3ExcellentSuperior to C-276 for reducing HCl environments.
PTFE-linedExcellentInert to all HCl concentrations.
Rubber-lined (natural rubber)GoodGood up to ~35% HCl at ambient temperature.
PVDF-linedGoodGood resistance below 70°C.
Duplex 2205Not RecommendedChloride SCC risk.

Recommended Valves

PTFE-lined ball valve

Gold standard for HCl — inert lining, no metal contact with fluid

Rubber-lined butterfly valve

Large bore, low-pressure HCl service

Hastelloy C-276 gate/globe valve

High-pressure or high-temperature HCl service

Diaphragm valve (PTFE)

No stem packing leakage path — critical for toxic HCl service

Valves to Avoid

Carbon steel or ductile iron bodied valves

Any SS 304 or 316 in contact with fluid

Bronze, brass, copper alloys

Valves without full PTFE or rubber lining in wetted areas

Special Considerations

Toxic — ISO 15848 Class A or B fugitive emission requirement
All vents must go to scrubber
No copper alloy in any gasket, stem packing, or instrument connection
Dilution generates significant heat
Vapour phase is as corrosive as liquid — valve bonnet must be lined

Applicable Standards

ASME B16.34NACE MR0103API 607 (fire safe)ISO 15848 (fugitive emissions — toxic service)

Shop Valves for Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Service

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